Important And Controversial Issues Of The World - 2026 Words

There are many important and controversial matters in the world just waiting to be discussed. However discussions on such matters usually transform into debates and even escalate to heated arguments. Such controversial concepts include racism, feminism, religion, and so on. Just one of the many corrupt problems of our society would have to be the commercialization of holidays. Holidays are meant to celebrate family, thanks, and happiness. However, holidays such as Christmas and the race to get the best gifts for the best prices has completely consumed smaller holidays like Thanksgiving. Christmas s origin is rooted in religion and suppose to be a time to celebrate and reflect upon the birth of Christ. Nowadays most people lean towards and celebrate the commercialized version of Christmas. With the general focus being getting rather than the spirit of giving, as people spend hundreds and even thousands of dollars on basically useless gifts. The Christmas holiday has strayed from being a time of togetherness, humility, and faith and has now become a thriving economic stimulus. With many Christmas items being sold in stores starting the season as early on as October. Thanksgiving and Christmas are two separate holidays respectfully with their own separate months and traditions. Thanksgiving takes place on November 27th and Christmas is on December 25 each and every year. The term Black Friday is used in the U.S. to describe the day after Thanksgiving,Show MoreRelatedThe Diary Of Anne Frank, Huckleberry Finn Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat importance. All of these controversial books have been able to teach the children about world affairs, and educate their minds on classic themes. Something with controversy contains a â€Å"disagreement, typically when prolonged, public, and heated.† Controversy takes place all over the world, whether it be in politics, religion, philosophy, science, media and so much more! It is very difficult to avoid controversial topics, not only because they occur all over the world, but because they are interestingRead MoreThe Value Of Challenged Literature1389 Words   |  6 Pages(Laurie Halse Anderson - Speak and Chains). Banning books that teach important values and educate children on real world situations is only hurting them in the long run. For Huck Finn in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain and Scout in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, growing up in times of racial injustice allows readers to see the value of not ignoring history’s real world problems and how they are portrayed in controversial American literature. â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†, one of mostRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms745 Words   |  3 PagesGenetically Modified Organisms In the present day, if people were asked to name a controversial issue related to genetics, genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) would definitely come up most of the time. This topic has been all over the news for the past few years and it has caught people’s attention. Do they benefit society as a whole? Are they a threat to the public’s health? Should scientists even manipulate genes in organisms? A great deal of questions and doubts have arisen regarding GMO’sRead MoreThe Utopian And Dystopian Texts1341 Words   |  6 Pagesflawed imaginary world. These concerns often reflect the composer’s thesis on the human condition, and as such, these texts generally seek to serve as a rhetorical device that inspires its generation to question their own society. Thomas More’s 1516 satirical novel Utopia, condemns the damaging leadership of King Henry VIII presented through the contrasting nature of England in Book: 1 and the imperfect Utopia in Bo ok: 2. Andrew Niccol s film; Gattaca (1997) addresses the controversial invention ofRead MoreControversial Issues in Entertainment1283 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s world which is full of controversial topics or issue which can be found in the mass media. This does continue towards the future for the timeline of any controversial issue during the history and for the public changed in time. The media does present the topic for the public. There is many portrayal of the subject which can demonize a topic so the mindset of the people is listening to the presentation of any story. This controversial topic which has the bias from this is the Freedom ofRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On The Political Movement Essay1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe norm of journalism is to present information or news to the general public via mass media. Thus, it plays an important part in everyday life. Notwithstanding, media have a vigorous relation with politics especially among the democratic soci eties (Fernandez-Quijada 2013). Moreover, the media is also perceived as the fourth estate due to the fact that it able to influence and affects the perceptions of the general public towards the political movement (Kemp 2013). However, in comparison to theRead MoreFeminism And Its Effect On Society946 Words   |  4 Pagesthey must repress their true selves in order to successfully function and fit into American society. A fact to be noted is that though Angels in America was written as a sort of advocacy for gay men, there is a clear presence of femininity that is important to discuss. Femininity is, by definition, the womanliness of something. This play challenges the meaning of femininity through its use of female characters and homosexual men. There is a distinction seldom made between what it means to be feminineRead MoreEuthanasia Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the world there are many contemporary ethical issues pertaining different religions throughout the globe. These issues have been around for many years and are still quite debated in today’s society. One of the most controversial issues is wither euthanasia is right or wrong. Euthanasia is an ongoing topic in religions throughout the world and each carries their own personal beliefs on the topic. In order to understand how the different Abrahamic religious beliefs vary on this controversial topicRead MoreThe Impact Of S ocial Media On Our Society1301 Words   |  6 Pagesin it. Imagine the whole world was flipped, and being homosexual was the norm and heterosexuality was considered abnormal. By the standards of the church you were disowned and you couldn’t marry the one you loved. Would you try to fight for your own rights? So that if you were seriously injured tomorrow, your partner could have a say in your medical treatment. (Black out) (__) In our highly diverse and multicultural society it is inevitable to see controversial issues raised and debated. In ourRead MoreThe Consequences Of Fast Food Industry1469 Words   |  6 PagesEconomically the world has changed substantially through the influence of the fast food industry. Drastically ¬ forcing our generation, to transform our lifestyle in order to fully adapt the social, health and economical state we live in. Our family structures have evolved forcefully, as the demand of easy, efficient, manageable meals are now within a reach of a hand. This sets the foundation of the fast developing industry. Maximizing their profits to the extent of risking the innocent delicate lives

Computer Software Technology For Early Childhood...

Linda Walker ENG 333 Y1 Professor Johnson August 5, 2015 To what extent does computer software technology assist in early childhood developmental learning processes for (Pre-K) children ages 3-5? Introduction Advances in technology since my children were born have always fascinated me. My fondest memories were traveling with the children in the car-prior to technology’s takeover. We would sing and talk to one another during this time. We were fortunate to live in an area close where we did not have to travel great distances to and from school, shopping, dance lessons, tennis, soccer, karate, church or the movies. We biked to Parrot Jungle, traveled through Snapper Creek Lakes, down Old Cutler Road and into Matheson Hammock for a snack. My in-laws lived across the street from Matheson Hammock so often our journey ended there. Our longest car trip together was going to Miami Beach to visit my Mom and â€Å"swim in the ocean†. My kids were occupied with conversation and life’s adventures, not technology. The car’s CD player was technology’s only representation in our life. We listened to each other’s voices or music. The first intro duction of technology into my family occurred when Santa Claus brought three â€Å"Game Boys† to Tiffany (age 9), Keith (age 6) and Hayley (age 3  ½), Christmas 1993. Game Boys were the portable device of the early 90’s. I limited the time the children were allowed to use their Game Boys. I worried about their little eyes focusing on suchShow MoreRelatedRole Of Data Driven Learning And Traditional Instruction Essay9233 Words   |  37 PagesINTERNATIONAL BLACK SEA UNIVERSITY FACULTY of EDUCATION and HUMANITIES The Role of Data-Driven Learning and Traditional Instruction of Vocabulary in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Context (in Secondary School) Bilal Tekin Ph.D. Dissertation in Education Sciences Tbilisi, 2015 Scientific Supervisor: Natela Doghonadze (Professor, Doctor at International Black Sea University) (full name academic title) I confirm that the work corresponds to the field, is characterized by novelty, scientificRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesinnovation right into your organization’s people, processes, and guiding philosophies. 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HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality andRead MoreEssay Developmental Psychology and Children43507 Words   |  175 PagesPractice Guidance for the Early Years Foundation Stage May 2008 Setting the Standards for Learning, Development and Care for children from birth to five STATUTORY FRAMEWORK NON-STATUTORY GUIDANCE Practice Guidance for the Early Years Foundation Stage Contents Section 1 – Implementing the EYFS ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   Introduction Putting the Principles into practice General points on provision of the EYFS Meeting the diverse needs of children Partnership working Flexible provisionRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPermissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page withinRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesContemporary Issues in Management Accounting This page intentionally left blank Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoRead MoreToys Project34340 Words   |  138 Pagesspecialisticnega dela, ki sem ga napisala pod mentorstvom profesorja Toneta Hrastelja in skladno s 1. odstavkom 21. clen Zakona o avtorskih in sodnih pravicah dovolim objavo specialisticnega dela na fakultetnih spletnih straneh. V Ljubljani, 23 May 2002 Tatjana Medic International Business Strategy of Toys’R’Us for the Norwegian market CONTENT OF THE PROJECT Page Introduction to Thesis 1 1. Introduction To The International Business 1.1. 1.2. 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Climate Change Attitudes and Conservation Behaviors †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Climate Change Attitudes and Conservation Behaviors. Answer: Introduction: Global Warming and Climate change is one of the most concerning issues that the world is facing today. This is being caused due to the increase in the usages of material and fuel that causes pollution and is responsible for the irregular change in atmospheric climate. It can be said that the changes in climate is causing a tremendous affect on the nature and consequently the human being. The following essay has discussed certain areas and parameters in which the human behavior can change due to the unnecessary changes in climate. It has mentioned the physical, mental and psychological changes that are happening or are likely to happen in the nature and behavior or people. Due to the change in climate, there are many other changes and imbalances that are being caused in the environment. By stating the term, Climate Change, one usually means the increase in temperature and untimely or sudden change in weather conditions. There are several consequences in different areas that are interlinked with each other and affect the environment in combined manner. According to Worm Paine (2016), the climatic change or the rise in temperature causes some adverse effects on the vegetation and plantation that happen on ground. This thing further results into rise in expenses that are to be made by common population. This makes the people more conscious about the money that they have to spend on other activities like travel tourism, leisure time spending and even on charity. In addition to this, the people are also not able to put in their honest efforts and monetary contribution to some social work related activities. The most significant that is likely to happen on human behavior because of climate change as per many experts is that the places with higher temperatures will start showing some reluctance towards vegetation support. This leads to higher demands and reduced production. In these circumstances, any particular area or locality has to import the products that they need for daily use. As a result of this, the people start looking for alternatives that also include relocating their houses. Due to the relocation of people from one place to another, the population of any specific destination place increases that results into the chance in behavior of people living there. The sense of cooperation and coordination decreases as there is a chance of unethical activities that might happen due to the increase in population and sudden mass entry of some miscreants in any stable society. Moreover, as stated by Wolsko et al. (2016), from the biological point of view the increase in temperature of any geographical area results into the change in m ind of the people in a negative manner. It results into transformation of peoples behavior into a much violent one. They tend to opt for more violence instead of resolving a matter with ease and comfort. Any small issue can cause the local people get short tempered and lose their control. It has been tested scientifically that a person that lives in a hotter climatic environment is likely to fire a weapon more probably compared to a person that is living is a cold environment. Apart from that the increase in temperature can potentially enhance the risk of catching a disease that can further result into some hormonal changes in the mind and body of any person. These again increase the chance of a person to get violent at small issues. It can be said that the only way to prevent the adverse impact of climate change on human behavior is to contribute towards the betterment of our mother nature at our own individual levels. In addition, there are some strict rules and regulations that should be made in order to ensure that the people are careful about the nature and aware of the acts that pollute the same. References Wolsko, C., Ariceaga, H. and Seiden, J., 2016. Red, white, and blue enough to be green: Effects of moral framing on climate change attitudes and conservation behaviors. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 65, pp.7-19. Worm, B., Paine, R. T. (2016). Humans as a hyperkeystone species. Trends in ecology evolution, 31(8), 600-607.

Love vs Lust Research Paper Example

Love vs Lust Paper When you love so thing, you want to have it with you always, and you want to take care of it and make sure nothing in the world can harm or corrupt it in any way possible. Guess when you love someone, you potpourris in danger of that person no loving you back, just looking at the negative side. When you let love control you u, you arent yourself, you change who you are so that you conform or exceed the expectations set by the person or object you love. When you put yourself out there you dont really go with what you know is right, but what your emotions are cram mining into our head. Looking at both sides of the argument, there are positive consequent ounces that come along with loving someone. When you love someone, you might find the e person that you are going to spend the rest of your life with. Lust on the other hand is a more negative concept. Lust makes you go insane to achieve what you want because you want it for your own benefit. When you lee t lust control your behavior, you focus only on what you want and not what is Essen till for you or your future. When lust is a big part in your life, you get caught up in making g what you ant or lust possible. Sometimes you dont realize you lust cometh ins or so none because you just arent thinking straight due to your desire for that person or object. You start to channel people and your surroundings out because youre so foci used on getting what you desire. When you start to lust an object, you become so full of yourself and pigheaded because you think that you deserve everything you want and y oh become angry with others because you dont get what you want. We will write a custom essay sample on Love vs Lust specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Love vs Lust specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Love vs Lust specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Though love and lust are on two different universes, they sometimes go togged her. You can love something while having something lust towards it. Lust is a feel Eng that you can control. You cant let it get to you because with God on your side, you can overcome it. Love on the other hand is the most powerful thing on this world for example, For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever belie eves in him shall not perish but have eternal life. John 3:16. Gods love for people change d the way our courses were supposed to go. Because Jesus died on the cross at Calvary, we are freed from our sins and we have the gift of eternal life. Todays society often perceives love as a joke, people dont take relationships marriages seriously. Lust in todays society is not serious at all, people have relationships and engage in sexual activity because the media and pop culture e says its okay and that its the right? thing to do. In conclusion, believe that love and lust are very delicate but powerful subject TTS that should be taken seriously.

Oh, this banana! essays

Oh, this banana! essays Many things are unknown about banana for both the sellers and consumers. Banana is not a palm fruit. It is a grass that reaches 15 meters. The name itself means a finger in Arabian language. You will be much more surprised to learn that only with bats help one can pick it. Banana is from the family of berries. Even 28% beer is made from banana. Wild banana has seeds. People in some developing countries prefer its bulb rather than the fruit itself. As for the cork, it is used as a smoking saSualeba banana cork is stronger than black cigarette. On Philippines, banana does not have any use but cardboard. There are more than 400 kinds of bananas in the whole world, and only  ¼ of it is eatable. In Georgia people eat yellowish bananas, although there are pink and black eatable bananas. It is better to eat smaller bananas. Then why is one type of bananas tasty, others bitter? It is important how bananas are ripened. It must be green while transporting it. But it is not all. Green bananas are ripened in special containers of air, which is not harmful for health. If the temperature is no more than 1800C and is becoming one degree less day by day, the fruit is very tasty and sweet. But the banana ripened in natural conditions is much tastier than the above-mentioned one. Bananas with thin layers are also very tasty, but very uncomfortable for transportation. Plantain kind of bananas is eaten fried in Latin America and Africa. This fruit is starchy, thats why it is eaten fried. Raw banana is a remedy for lower (drop) temperature. Plantain banana is bigger than the ordinary one, and ripe Plantain has black color instead of yellow. It is boiled, fried, dried and, like potato, even chips are made from it. ...

Excercise Essay Example

Excercise Essay Example Excercise Paper Excercise Paper Payments you made to Davits Salon for your hair and make up. 7. Purchases of stocks and bonds by an investor. 0 8. Production and sale of marijuana 9. Construction off new factory bay private enterprise. 0 10. Purchases of imported chocolates by consumers. 0 1 1 . Vegetables produced in the backyard and consumed by the household. 0 12. Sales of second hand cars. EX. 3. Sales by Intel Philippines of semiconductors to the US. 0 14. Sales of a San Miguel Brewery in Hong Kong to the Chinese Mainland. 0 15. Sales by Motile of car batteries to Ionians Philippines II.. Indicate to which the following items belong by writing GAP for Gross Domestic Product, GNP for Gross National Product. Both for an item that is included in both GAP and GNP. BOTH 1 Salary of your teacher in Economics. BOTH 2. Christmas bonus paid to government employees of the Philippines. BOTH 3. Medical insurance premium paid to a Filipino insurance company in Magmata. GAP 4. Consultancy fee of a US scientist working in the Philippines. GNP 5. Salaries of overseas Filipinos in Hong Kong. GNP 6. Profits of San Miguel in Hong Kong. GAP 7. Profits of LOS shareholder of Intel Philippines. GNP 8. Rental income of a Filipino who owns an apartment in the US. BOTH 9. Rental income off Filipino owned condominium in Vito Cruz. GAP 10. Salary of the Japanese president of Honda Philippines. II. Fill in the blanks. 1. A steel company sells some steel to a bicycle company for $150. The bicycle company uses the steel to produce a bicycle, which it sells for $250. Taken together, these two transactions contribute how much to GAP? Mans. $250 2. Suppose there are only two firms in an economy: Rolling Rawhide produces rawhide and sells it to Cheney Chomp, Inc. , which uses the rawhide to produce and sell dog chews. With each 52 of rawhide that it buys from Rolling Rawhide, Chewy Chomp, Inc. Produces a dog chew and sells it for $5. Neither firm had any inventory at the beginning of 2008. During that year, Rolling Rawhide produced enough rawhide for 1000 dog chews. Chewy Chomp, Inc. Bought 75% of that rawhide for $1500 and promised to buy the remaining 25% for $500 in 2009. Chewy Chomp, Inc. Produced 750 dog chews during 2008 and sold each one during that year for $5. What was the economy GAP for 2008? Mans. $4250 IV. The table below contains data for the country of Crete for the year 2010. Total income $5731 Household purchases of durable goods 1108 Household purchases of nondurable goods $702 Household purchases Of Nan-education services $203 Household purchases of education services $302 Household purchases of new housing $816 Purchases of capital equipment $333 Inventory changes $75 Purchases of new structures $267 Depreciation $401 Local government spending on goods and services $236 State government spending on goods and services $419 Federal government spending on goods and services $1182 Transfer payments $707 Foreign purchases of domestically produced goods $217 Domestic purchases Of foreign goods $129 1. What was Crates GAP in 2010? Mans. $5731 2. What was Crates consumption in 2010? Mans. $2315 3. What was Crates investment in 2010? Mans. $ 1491 4. What were Crates government purchases in 2010? Mans. $1837 5. What were Crates net exports in 201 0? Mans. $88 V. The table below contains data for the country of Fatherland, which produces only waffles and pancakes. The base year is 2009. Year Price of Waffles Quantity of Waffles Price of Pancakes Quantity of Pancakes 2008 $2. 00 100 $1. 00 2009 120 150 2010 $3. 00 200 201 1 $4. 00 180 220 1. In 2008, this countrys nominal GAP was $300 2. In 2009, this countrys nominal GAP was $540 3. In 2008, this countys real GAP was $400 4. In 2009, this countrys real GAP was $540 5. In 2010, this countrys real GAP was $700 In 2011, this countrys real GAP was $800 6. 7. 2008, this countrys GAP deflator was $75 8. In 2009, this countrys GAP deflator was 100 In 2010, this countrys GAP deflator was 128. 6 9. 10. In 201 1, this countrys GAP deflator was 172. 5 11. From 2010 to 2011, this countrys output grew 14. 3%. 12. This countrys inflation rate from 2008 to 2009 was 33. 3%. 13. This countrys inflation rate from 2010 to 201 1 was 34. . VI. The table below pertains to Knapsack, an economy in which the typical consumers basket consists of 2 pillows and 15 hotdogs. Price of a Pillow price of a Hotdogs $40 $3 $45 $4 $50 . If the base year is 2009, then the consumer price index was 100 in 2009, 2. 120 in 2010, and 3. 116 in 201 1. 4. If the base year is 2009, then the economy inflation rate in 2010 is 20 percent. 5. The ICP was 96 in 198 2, and the ICP was 208 in 2010. How much money would you have needed in 201 0 in order to buy what you could have bought with $500 in 1982? Mans. $1 ,083. 33 6. The consumer price index was 25 in 2006 and 234 in 2007. The nominal interest rate during this period was 6. 5 percent. What was the real interest rate during this period? Mans. 2. 5 percent 7. If Philippine real GAP grows by 7% while its population grows by 2%, then real per capita income will grow by 5%8. And its per capita income using the rule of 70 will double in 14 years. 9. In one day Madison Laundry washed 4,000 pounds of laundry with 5 workers who each worked 8 hours. What was its productivity? Mans. 1 00 pounds of laundry per hour 10. Stock in Creole Cuisine Restaurants is selling at $25 per share. Creole Cuisine had earnings Of $5 a share and a dividend yield Of 5 percent. The dividend is $1. 25 11. While the PIE ratio 5. VII. Suppose that in a closed economy GAP is equal to 1 1. 000, taxes are equal to 2,500 consumption equals 7,500 and government purchases equal 2,000. 1. Private saving = 1000 2. Public saving = 500 3. National saving = 1500 Assume the following information for an imaginary, closed economy. GAP $120,000; consumption $70,000; private saving $9,000; national saving = $12,000. 4. For this economy, investment amounts to $12,000. 5. The government is running a budget (deficit, surplus) surplus 6. Al to $3000. 7. For this economy, government purchases amount to $38,000. 8. For this economy, taxes amount to $41*000. 1 . Suppose the market for alienable funds is in equilibrium and the government raises the tax on the interest earned by savers. This will cause (demand, supply) supply for alienable funds to (increase, decrease) decrease _ so that the (demand, supply) supply curve shifts to the (left, right) left. In the new equilibrium, the real interest rate is (higher, lower) higher and the equilibrium quantity of alienable funds (increases, decreases) decreases. In he new equilibrium saving is (greater than, equal to, less than) equal to investment. 2. Suppose the market for alienable funds is in equilibrium and the government removes the tax incentives it used to give firms that used their profits to invest.. This will cause (demand, supply) demand for alienable funds to (increase, decrease) decrease so that the (demand, supply) demand curve shifts to the (left, right) left. In the new equilibrium, the real interest rate is (higher, lower) higher and the equilibrium quantity of alienable funds (increases, decreases) decreases.. 3. Suppose the government budget is initially balanced and the market for alienable funds is in equilibrium when the government reduces its spending and incurs a budget surplus. This will cause (demand, supply) supply for alienable funds to (increase, decrease) increase so that the (demand, supply) supply curve shifts to the (left, right) right. In the new equilibrium, the real interest rate is (higher, lower) lower and the equilibrium quantity of alienable funds (increases, decreases) increases. In the new equilibrium private investment is (higher, lower) higher. IX. Use the following table to fill in the blanks. Numbers are in millions. Total Population of working age: 139. 7 Number of Unemployed: Number of employed: 57 92. 3 a. The labor force is 98 million. B. The number of persons not in the labor force is 41. 7 million. C. The labor force participation rate is 70 percent. D. The unemployment rate is 5. 8 percent. X. The figure below shows a diagram of the labor market before and after a minimum wage is imposed. 1. If the market for workers is in equilibrium at $5. 00 per hour as shown in this diagram, the number of workers unemployed is zero. 2. A minimum wage of $8. 00 per hour will increase unemployment by how many workers? 600 workers.

The Red Guards of Chinese Cultural Revolution Research Paper

The Red Guards of Chinese Cultural Revolution - Research Paper Example The Red guards believed themselves to be Mao’s army and named themselves thusly; ‘Hong’ meant red or the ideology of Mao which was being protected, ‘Wei’ by ‘bing’ meaning (soldiers) of China. Red guards began with a small group of school children who started with naming themselves ‘Chairman Mao’s Red Guards’, but Mao’s direct support and encouragement for them led the group to be named the ‘Red Guard’. The Red Guard comprised of young people who belonged to families from the ‘five red types’. In 1966, Mao called for a ‘cultural revolution’ against the segmentation that had been created in the society and wanted to rid the society of all evil by eliminating any elements of ‘Capitalist’ or ‘Bourgeois’ ideology. As a result of Mao’s call, two character posters were plastered at the Tsinghua University to oppose the administration at the Universities of Beijing and Tsinghua as intellectual elitists and bourgeois who had diverged from the right path of thought; the poster was signed by ‘chairman Mao’s red guard. Mao endorsed the actions of the group and encouraged their thinking that their thinking was in line with that of Maoism, and as a result of his order the manifesto was to appear in People’s Daily and a nationwide broadcast was sanctioned. The movement gained popularity. In Tiananmen Square Mao addressed a gathering of above eight hundred thousand people while he wore the Red Guard arm band throughout the rally, showing unrelenting support for the guard and their actions (Byers 3). Although the red guards began as a movement of the youth and young students but later on engulfed the working and peasant population (Szczepanski). As the movement progressed the re d guards became known for their destruction, violence and cruelty. The guard destroyed cultural abodes, writings, buildings, religious buildings and much more in the name of destroying the four olds; people were killed and humiliated for their anti-Maoism ideology (Szczepanski). Where for many the red guard is a memory of grief and violence; for many others it is nothing but a group of people who were clad in old army jackets, wore red arm bands and

Instruction of The Glass Menagerie(it depends on the wirtter) Essay

Instruction of The Glass Menagerie(it depends on the wirtter) - Essay Example The current discourse hereby aims to present a rhetorical analysis of the play, through expounding on the theme, the symbols, as well as the main characters. There could be more than one theme in the play, as evident from the topics of discussion by the characters. For one, there is a theme on deception and lies. Both Laura and Tom hid some inner secrets from their mother, Amanda, in terms of past, current, and future activities. For instance, it was only after six weeks after dropping from Laura’s typing class, that Amanda discovered the incident. As such, Laura painstakingly deceived her mother into apparently attending daily classes; when in fact, she disclosed that she went to the art museum, to the zoo, or walk around the park (Williams). In addition, Tom has always left after dinner, supposedly to attend movies every night. In truth, he had plans to travel as a seaman and used the money earmarked for payment of electric bills to pay for membership dues for joining The Union Merchant Seamen organization. In addition, another theme in the play was the feeling of incarceration and the apparent need to escape. This theme was exemplified in terms of the physical entrapment felt by Tom for being relied upon to support both Amanda and Laura. As such, through making an excuse every night as viewing the movies as a means of escape, Tom actually planned to eventually leave to pursue the same course that their father took. Concurrently, from the point of view of Laura, there is also a persistent feeling of incarceration due to her physical infirmity. As such, her outlet was expressed through the glass menagerie, the glass animals’ collection that seem to be the perfect epitome of her being: fragile, entrapped, isolated, delicate, and detached. The obvious symbol is the glass menagerie. It symbolized the traits that were above mentioned: fragile, entrapped, isolated, delicate, and detached. Traits that were

Equal Opportunity in Early Childhood Essay Example for Free

Equal Opportunity in Early Childhood Essay Children should be treated and respected as individuals in their own rights. Like any individual, children have rights to shelter, food and education. They too should be treated fairly and equally. Many a times, we have failed to recognise these needs and as adults, we think we know best for the child. If we are able to recognise these rights, it will greatly assist in a childs development both emotionally and spiritually. According to Bruce and Meggit (2002), equality of opportunity means opening up access for every child and family to full participation in early childhood services. There can be no quality in early childhood services unless there is equality of opportunity. Children should not be denied of their rights based on their race, nationality, gender or abilities, boys and girls should not be treated differently. Also, equal opportunities can be defined in general as not discriminating a person by his or her race, gender, family orientation or whether they belonged to the minority in the society. I truly agree with this statement and advocates for equal opportunity to be practiced in every way. It is now the 21st century but can we safely say that children in this world are treated equally? Some parents tend to treat their children differently if they are a boy, especially in the Eastern culture; succession is through boys instead of girls. Several parents have stereotyped the colours that their children should wear, boys should be in blue and gals should be in pink. Stereotyping basically means unduly fixed mental impression (Oxford, p. 546). Society too, plays a role in influencing the parents when it comes to bringing up their children in this part of the world and to a certain extent the childrens interest will be sacrificed. Children are expected to excel academically and those who do not will be branded as slow and they will be frowned upon by the society due to the competitive environment. Parents are ? pressured to have an academically sound child and as a result, children will feel ? inferior if they are unable to excel academically and this would hinder their fitting into the society in the future. In order to uphold the rights of the children in the world, UNICEF introduced the Convention on the Rights of the Child which was adopted by Unite Nations General Assembly on the 20th November 1989. (http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/UNICEF_FS_-_Understanding_the_ CRC. pdf). There are four principles that the Convention rests on and they are; non discrimination, best interests of the child, the childs right to life, survival and development and respect for the views of the child . (http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/UNICEF_FS_-_Understanding_the_ CRC. pdf ). The main idea of having this convention is to recognize that children should be treated fairly as human beings and they should be brought up in a safe and conducive environment in order for them to realize their full potential in life. Malaysia signed the convention in March 1995 and being a multi cultural country that also advocates for human rights has made many changes to its legislation to adopt the convention especially in the area of education and healthcare. However, a question that many Malaysians will ask today; are the changes sufficient to provide the children in Malaysia equal rights? Here, let us look into the two major areas to analyse the impact of the convention on Malaysias legislation concerning children. According to article 28 of the CRC, The child has a right to education, ? (CRC, p. 19). Malaysia however has reservation on seven articles and article 28 is amongst them. The preschool education is Malaysia is under the responsibility of a few government departments and social agencies such as the Ministry of Health, Ministry of National Unity and Social Development, Ministry of Rural Development and also several states departments (http://porta;. unesco. org/education/en/ev. php-URL_ID=46167URL _DO=DO_TOPICURL_SECTION=201. html) Under the Child Care Centre Act 1985, there are 2 categories of childcare centre, one being a home based childcare centre which takes in less than 10 children. The other being an institution based centre which caters for 10 or more children (The Star, 24th March, 1996). The curriculum guidelines of pre-schools are guided by the Ministry of Education and it has to provide a holistic development of the child being in social skills, intellectual skills, physical skills and spiritual skills (www. unesco. org/wef/countryreports /malaysia/Rapport_1. html) which is in accordance to article 29 of the CRC (CRC, p. 21) Due to the increasing awareness of the importance of early childhood education and also the increase in women joining the workforce, many private childcare centres have sprung up especially in the urban areas. These centres are mostly run by the private sectors that cater to mostly working parents from the middle to high income families and they charge a fee for their services. For the poor or rural areas children, the pre school programs are run by the government agencies and to a certain extent Non Government Organizations (NGOs). (http://unescodoc. unesco. org/images/0012/001279/127984e. pdf). The next area that Malaysia made changes to embrace the principles in the Convention is the healthcare policy. Child mortality in Malaysia has decreased significantly due to the effective healthcare programs that the government has implemented since the First Malaysia Plan 1996 (http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/ /children_4162. html). The most widely available health care service in Malaysia is public hospitals and for the rural community, there are over 1600 community health clinics (http://www. childpolicyintl. org/countries/Malaysia. html). Generally, children in Malaysia are provided with very comprehensive health services from vaccination to clean water supply and also sanitation. The government has taken steps to promote health programs to children in the rural areas integrating the promotion of health in its rural development strategies and programs. This is in accordance to Article 24 of the CRC where it states The child has the right to the highest standard of health and medical care attainable. Although Malaysia has taken various measures to improve its education system to embrace the CRC, sad to say that there are still children in Malaysia who are deprived of the right to education. This is especially apparent in vulnerable groups like children from the indigenous populations and also children in the rural areas. The indigenous children in Sabah and Sarawak have very little access to education and the curriculum in government schools do not cater to them culturally. Also, Malaysia has lifted its reservation on Article 22 which guarantees the childs rights seeking refugees status in 1995 but until today, there have not been changes when it comes to undocumented children (New Sunday Times, June 25th 2006). Undocumented children basically mean children who are born in Malaysia to migrant parents. Children in this category are deprived of education due to fact that they are not even recognized as Malaysian citizen. Although children in Malaysia are rather well taken care of in terms of healthcare services, there are still children who do not have access to their basic needs like healthcare. These are children born to poor parents, sex workers, alcoholics and sex workers. (New Straits Times, p. 19). Also, with the increase in HIV/AIDS cases in Malaysia and many children and women from the rural areas are still complacent of this disease. A childs formative years are extremely important as it will affect their growth in the later years. If Malaysia sees the significance of its younger generation, the government should seriously look into its commitment to uphold the Convention guidelines Firstly, awareness amongst the community is extremely important if Malaysia seeks to promote equal opportunity in the early childcare settings. Government should take steps to promote awareness amongst the people in order to change their attitudes towards children and this can be done by including the CRC as part of the school curriculum (The Star, p. N47). Secondly, early childhood education should be made compulsory to all children in urban or rural areas and available to all children in regardless of their background as every child has the right to education. Curriculum for children below the age of four should also address the current issues like AID/HIV and sex education. Materials and books used in the early childhood education should contain pictures of the different ethnic group in Malaysia. Activities organized by the childcare centre should be diversified as this would promote respect of various cultures amongst the children. More importantly, the curriculum should be sensitive to children from various cultural backgrounds especially the indigenous group. After all, Malaysia takes pride in its diversity of culture. Teachers in the early childcare sector should be trained in gender studies and also human rights (http://www. europeanchildrensnetwork. org/resources/infoDetail. asp? ID =12592). As childcare practitioner, the attitude of the person is utmost important in making sure that children under their care is not being discriminated. They have to be fully aware of the childs rights in order for the child to grow up in a positive environment as it is damaging for the child development. A childs potential to learn and develop their full potential should not be limited by prejudice (http://ferl. qia. org. uk/content_files/resources/organisations/caderdale_ council/sharon_chapman/equalops/prejandisc. htm).

Compare and contrast Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade with Es

Compare and contrast Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade with Kipling's The Last of the Light Brigade. Tennyson and Kipling both wrote the story of the Light Brigade who fought in the Crimean war, in the battle of Balaclava. This battle took place between the English and the Russians in Eastern Europe on the 25th October 1854. Lord Alfred Tennyson wrote his poem also in 1854, just after the battle had ended, and his aim was to build national pride in the hearts of the English people, and to " Honour the charge they made." Tennyson wanted to boost the moral of the English people because of the Light Brigades defeat. Tennyson wanted to change the feeling of defeat, to one of heroism, and to show that the Light Brigade were in fact brave to go up against the " Jaws of death" with only "six hundred men." Kipling on the other hand, who wrote his poem in 1891, 37 years after the battle had ended, saw how the Soldiers were living in poverty and wanted to make the public feel guilty for abandoning the soldiers when they needed support the most. Kipling wrote the poem as a response to Tennyson's poem, and refers to Tennyson as being the "Master singer." Kipling also tries to shed a reality on the battle, and how the English were loyal to the soldiers when they were need, but now that the battle is over the broken soldiers returning no longer fit the heroic image the public hold, and so their country no longer cares. In fact exposing the publics expressed support to be only shallow lip service. Tennyson wrote his poem with rigid, rhythmical, and evocative language, and tries to glamorise the Battle, and in doing so, makes the poem too fanciful. While Kipling on the other hand wrote his poem using... ...their lack of fidelity towards the soldiers. In conclusion I personally find Kipling's poem more effective. I find this because although Tennyson tries to make people feel a sense of national pride, the battle took place because of an error, and they the English people were massacred. They were brave because they knew they were committing suicide, but they went anyway. This makes them very brave, and quite foolish, but not heroes. On the other hand, Kipling is angry, and disgusted with the English people's fake loyalty because they only needed the soldier when they were fighting, now the battle is over they are just get in the way. Kipling sheds a reality on the lives of the soldiers now, but sets his poem out like a story, which is very clever. Kipling only wanted justice to be served, and for the English to see how they had treated their "Heroes." Compare and contrast Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade with Es Compare and contrast Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade with Kipling's The Last of the Light Brigade. Tennyson and Kipling both wrote the story of the Light Brigade who fought in the Crimean war, in the battle of Balaclava. This battle took place between the English and the Russians in Eastern Europe on the 25th October 1854. Lord Alfred Tennyson wrote his poem also in 1854, just after the battle had ended, and his aim was to build national pride in the hearts of the English people, and to " Honour the charge they made." Tennyson wanted to boost the moral of the English people because of the Light Brigades defeat. Tennyson wanted to change the feeling of defeat, to one of heroism, and to show that the Light Brigade were in fact brave to go up against the " Jaws of death" with only "six hundred men." Kipling on the other hand, who wrote his poem in 1891, 37 years after the battle had ended, saw how the Soldiers were living in poverty and wanted to make the public feel guilty for abandoning the soldiers when they needed support the most. Kipling wrote the poem as a response to Tennyson's poem, and refers to Tennyson as being the "Master singer." Kipling also tries to shed a reality on the battle, and how the English were loyal to the soldiers when they were need, but now that the battle is over the broken soldiers returning no longer fit the heroic image the public hold, and so their country no longer cares. In fact exposing the publics expressed support to be only shallow lip service. Tennyson wrote his poem with rigid, rhythmical, and evocative language, and tries to glamorise the Battle, and in doing so, makes the poem too fanciful. While Kipling on the other hand wrote his poem using... ...their lack of fidelity towards the soldiers. In conclusion I personally find Kipling's poem more effective. I find this because although Tennyson tries to make people feel a sense of national pride, the battle took place because of an error, and they the English people were massacred. They were brave because they knew they were committing suicide, but they went anyway. This makes them very brave, and quite foolish, but not heroes. On the other hand, Kipling is angry, and disgusted with the English people's fake loyalty because they only needed the soldier when they were fighting, now the battle is over they are just get in the way. Kipling sheds a reality on the lives of the soldiers now, but sets his poem out like a story, which is very clever. Kipling only wanted justice to be served, and for the English to see how they had treated their "Heroes."

Water and National Best Farmer

Part A Essay Writing Answer one question only from this part. 1. Write a letter to the Member of Parliament of your constituency telling him/her about the rise in armed robbery in your area. Suggest at least two ways to check it. 2. Write a story which ends with the sentence: We arrived just in time to save the situation. 3. Your father has received the â€Å"National Best Farmer’s Award†. Write a letter to your brother who is outside the country, describing the ceremony. Part BComprehension 4. Read the following passage carefully and answer all the questions. Cholera is a very dangerous disease which can kill many people within a short time. Indeed, it has ruined several communities particularly in developing countries. It must therefore be prevented at all costs. The disease is generally spread by germs which thrive in filthy and unhygienic areas. There could be an outbreak of cholera when drinking water becomes polluted by floods after a downpour.Human carriers also cause the disease to spread from place to place. For example, a person carrying the cholera germs would vomit or pass frequent stools. Flies would then carry the germs on their hairy legs and deposit then on exposed food or in water. When a person eats this contaminated food or drinks the polluted water, he or she is likely to contact the disease unknowingly. On the whole, the main symptoms of cholera are severe diarrhoea and vomiting, which may result in loss of weight.The stool tends to be watery. As a lot of fluid is lost from the body, the patient quickly becomes dehydrated, thin and weak. The rapid loss of body fluid can soon result in death, unless the loss is fluid is replaced immediately. The first thing for the patient to do is to replenish as much fluid as is lost by taking, from time to time, boiled water which has been allowed to cool and mixed with salt and sugar. Then, he should seek medical attention. a) Where do cholera germs usually breed? ) Mention the two main car riers of cholera germs. c) (i) State the two signs of cholera (ii)Give one effect of the disease d) What advice does the writer give to the cholera patient? e) Explain the following expressions in your own words: (i) It has ruined several communities; (ii) At all costs; (iii) After a downpour f) For each of the following words, give another word or phrase that means the same or can fit into the passage. (i) Thrive; (ii) Deposit; (iii) Rapid; (iv) Replenish; (v) Seek;

Politics In Middle East Essay

Promotions of women’s rights and empowering women have been central components in the search for democracy in the Arab world. The participation of Arab women in the political and economic arena remains among the lowest in the world. This is evident from the low percentage of women in parliament, cabinet and the workforce. Many times the women have been portrayed as veiled, oppressed, and invisible (Sadiki, 2004, 253). This is true in reality though in most cases it is unconstitutional. Sadiki argues that women’s participation in political and economic issues in Arab countries is dependent on the socio-economic and political forces in the history of the country (Sadiki, 2004, 267). Thus the problem of women’s rights is not reflective of Islamic region rather it can be explained by the patriarchal nature of the society. Men have been the ones predominantly reading and interpreting the Quran. This has led to women not being allowed work or socialize publicly. (Sadaki, 2004, 285). The economic and social position of a family also influence the rights available to a woman; for instance in Iraq, a wealthy family is more likely to educate its daughters than a poor family. Islamic religion does not relegate the woman to a position below the man, rather it points out that she is a ‘twin’ to the man and promotes inclusiveness in all issues, economic, political and social (Sadiki, 2005, 266). In an interview with Lubabah-ul-Fadh, a Muslim woman activist, Lubahah states that because she is Muslim and Islamist she is free from injustice and despotism. She therefore supports democracy that empowers women economically and politically (Sadiki, 2004, 284). She however is of the view that Muslim women’s foremost role is that of being a moral educator for the younger generation to ensure Muslim culture and religion are adhered to. For her, giving up parliamentary positions so women can pursue this goal is worthwhile (Sadiki, 2004, 284). This illustrates the effect of certain Islamist movements in Arab countries. Different alliances among female Islamists has resulted in little consensus on women’s participation in the Islamic Action Front. Western influence has to some degree enhanced authoritarian form of government in Arab countries. The focus on oil in Arab countries has led to sidelining of the issues of women rights as governments try to meet demands for oil and amass wealth for the regime in power. This however has also been used to influence decisions made by Arab country governments for example by placing embargoes on their oil so that conflicts can be resolved (Sadiki 2004, 283). Western influence therefore has not been entirely negative. Positive outcomes of western influence include improvement of family status laws resulting from incumbent governments in Arab countries wanting to show their zeal for reform which has been influenced by international pressure. The women in Iraq during Saddam’s military dictatorship experienced more human rights freedoms than during the period of Bush’s Administration Democratic Iraq. The US led occupation therefore has not benefited the struggle for women’s rights especially because it favors an extremist interpretation of the constitution. Arab women have been moving forward in the struggle for empowerment. Some of the developments include the appointment of more women to parliament in Jordan and Egypt by the Arab government. The United States is working through the MEPI to provide training on political issues to female political candidates so as to raise the number of women legislators. The Beijing Fourth World Conference in women led to other conferences which aimed at canvassing the recommendations of Beijing conference of a 30 percent quota for women in parliamentary representation. These include the Egyptian women and Democratic transformation and the Jordanian woman and Electoral Law conferences. (Sadiki, 2004, 269). In Tunisia the rigorous push for gender equity in policies led to the creation of councils for women and development to advice government departments regarding policy formulation and also the creation of a Ministry of Women and the Family and a National Observatory for Women. (Sadiki, 2004, 283). Participation of women in political and economic so far has not had an effect of changing the policies that are made. It has however helped to improve children’s welfare, the personal lives and economic power of Arab women. It however has not had much impact on the political systems of the day in Arab countries and will most likely not have much effect since in most Arab countries the political structure is such that changes in the position of women can be absorbed. This is true for countries like Egypt, Jordan and Morocco where authoritarianism and limited democratic freedoms co-exist. Islamist movements have had a negative impact on the struggle for women empowerment; fundamentalist activists consider women’s rights issues and the participation of women in the public to be ‘western’ and aimed at degrading the morals and culture of traditional Islamic region. Some women activists see that the more important role of a woman is maintaining Islam tradition and so women can until this is achieved give up involvement in political issues (Sadiki, 2004, 285). Religion has had a significant role in shaping the beliefs, policies and behavior of people in the Middle East region. Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are important points of focus as far as religion is concerned, and also in the case of Jerusalem, a significant center of conflict. The Arab-Israel conflict is not the only source of instability in the region, as evidenced by a history of conflict long before the existence of the Jewish state, Israel and also presence of conflict not related to Israel clashes between Iraq and US (Cleveland, 2004, 222-224). The departure of Britain and France from the Middle East in the 1950s, the formation of the Israel state and the importance of the oil industry all contribute greatly to the conflict in the Middle East. As a result, the US became increasingly involved in Middle East issues becoming a great force in the oil industry and a source of stability. The Soviet Union sought to open new areas for the Cold War and formed alliances with Egypt (under Nasser) and Iraq. These regimes failed to deliver on their promises leading to Arabic despotism and embracing of Islamism among counties like Iraq and Egypt. With the fall of the Soviet Union these countries (Egypt, Algeria, Syria, and Iraq) embraced Arab nationalism. This later led to Iran-Iraq war invading Kuwait and in the 1990s and the US intervened by evicting Iraq from Kuwait with the help of allies like Egypt and Saudi Arabia leading to US military occupation of the Persian Gulf, a source of great offence to Muslims. (Lewis, 2005, 2-5). The current situation is one that is of continued conflicts especially Arab-Israeli conflict. Anti western regimes in Arab countries seek to destroy Israel, and defeat the US. The portions of land given to the Jews after World War II are surrounded by Muslim countries, this land and other portions that have been taken over by Israel during wars against Arab countries have continued to fuel the conflict between Palestinians and Israeli. East Jerusalem is a part of Israel, considered holy for Muslims. Palestinians see Israelis as invaders of their nation; as such they have built a military network that attacks innocent Israeli civilians. Israelis protect themselves from these attacks by using military force to control Palestinians, these involves having checkpoints for Palestinians between cities. Most of the water supply is controlled by Israelis who give Palestinians little access to water compared to their needs increasing the humiliation and sense of abuse felt by the Palestinians. (Cleveland, 2004, 22-224). Attacks by Israeli soldiers has led to destruction of much of the Palestinian government because of destruction of records, equipment, electricity supplies, roads, electricity supplies and other infrastructure. The continued construction of settlements in Palestinian territory is seen as a reason for further increase in conflict between Israel and Palestine, ruining any chances of peace in the region. (Lewis, 2005, pp2, 3). Demands of Palestinians that Palestinian refugees be allowed to have their land back have not been solvable because if Palestinians reoccupy their land, Israel as a Jewish state will end because Israel then would have more Palestinians than Israelis. As such this is not an option Israelis want to consider. Both Palestinians and Jews have been forced to live in exile at some point in their histories. The Jews have faced much persecution wile many Palestinians are misused by depots of the Middle East who have their own narrow domestic agenda. Western foreign policy, a strong Israel state and a decline in the stabilities of nations with unfriendly regimes have maintained the conflict in the Middle East. The conflict in the region is likely to continue mainly because of the nature of leadership. Despotism and autocratic rule have become part of the system so much that this remains a major obstacle to development of democratic institutions that would be more inclined to control and stop the conflict (Lewis 2005, 2-3). The information revolution is also destined to affect the present situation in the Middle East. The availability of information from various media influences the security dynamics. Television programs have been known to propagate untrue information that leads to escalation of conflict, but television has also allowed the people of Middle East to see vibrant democracies in action (like in Israel) which is unheard of in most Arab countries. This increases the likelihood for people to push for and embrace democracy that allows uninhibited disagreement and argument of ideas in an orderly manner. Pressure from the international community for political reform is likely to increase stability in the region leading to more demands of equitable distribution of resources. Political reform is slow with a greater focus on liberalization rather than democratization since liberalization allows more openness and discussion while the government of the day retains power (Benched and Byman, 2003, pp55). Slow political reform is more likely to maintain stability compared to rapid political reform. However, if the reforms do not continue at a steady pace frustrations by the people are more likely to increase causing conflict that could even lead to regimes being overthrown (Bensahel and Byman, 2003, pp55). Works Cited Lewis B, 2005 Freedom and Justice in the Modern Middle East, council on Foreign Affairs retrieved from www.foreignaffirs.org/20050511faessay84305.p50/bernard-lewis/freedom-and-justice-in -the-modern-midle-east.html Cleveland WL 2004 A history of he Modern Middle East, 3rd Ed Westview Press ISBN 0-8133-4048-9 pp 222-255 Sadiki L 2005 The Search for Arab Democracy, Columbia University Press ISBN 023112581X Bensabel N and Byman D, 2003 The Future Security Environment In The Middle East: Conflict, Stability and Political Change, RAND Corporation ISBN 0-83303290-9

A Look at My Community essays

A Look at My Community essays The word 'population' is defined as a group of people who live in a particular town, area, or country. For example the population of the United States is around three hundred and fourteen million people. A community, however, "is a unified body of people with common interests living in a particular area" (Epidemiology Foundations). The community I live in is North Buffalo on Norwalk Ave. The people that live here are hardworking people, whom for the most part treat each other nicely and with respect. After doing a 10 block search of my neighborhood and growing up here for 21 years, I discovered some very interesting facts. The ten block radius that I defined includes my street Norwalk Ave, Tacoma Ave, Saranac Ave, Hertel Ave, Linden Ave, Colvin Blvd, and few other streets. In my community there is a somewhat diverse population, we have African Americans, Latinos, and a few Irish people. But for the most part my community is pre dominantly white Italian-Americans. There is a good mix of families and older residents, all though from what I have seen I do believe there are a bit more families. I think it has a lot to do with the weather in Buffalo, most senior citizens don't like living in cold weather climates. In my community there a good number of medical services. There is Sisters Hospital located on Main Street, which are about five blocks from Hertel Ave and the closest to my house. There is also Millard Fillmore Hospital on Maple Rd. in Williamsville, Women and Children's Hospital on Bryant St, and a plethora of other medical institutions that are a maybe a ten to fifteen minute drive from my house. There is also Delaware Pediatrics which is located on Delaware Ave, a ten minute walk from Norwalk Ave., they specialize in children, I should know I was patient there for eighteen years. There are two fire departments located in very close distance to my house. The first one is at 860 Hertel Ave and has been around since 2005....

Poems to Read on Thanksgiving Day

Poems to Read on Thanksgiving Day The story of the first Thanksgiving is a familiar one to all Americans: After a year filled with suffering and death, in the fall of 1621, the Pilgrims at Plymouth had a feast to celebrate a bountiful harvest. This feast is surrounded by legends of the local Native Americans joining in the celebration and groaning tables of turkey, corn and some form of cranberry dish. These foods are the bedrock of the traditional American Thanksgiving dinner, celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It was not an official holiday until President Abraham Lincoln declared it so in 1863, although it was unofficially celebrated before that time by many Americans. It is a time for families gathered together to reflect on all the good things of their lives and an appropriate moment to read eloquent poems to mark the holiday and its meaning. The New-England Boys Song About Thanksgiving Day by Lydia Maria Child This poem, more commonly known as Over the River and Through the Wood, was written in 1844 and depicts a typical holiday journey through New England snows in the 19th century. In 1897 it was made into the song that is more familiar than the poem to Americans. It very simply tells the story of a sleigh ride through the snow, the dapple-gray horse pulling the sleigh, the howling of the wind and the snow all around, and at last arriving at grandmothers house, where the air is filled with the smell of pumpkin pie. It is the maker of the images of a typical Thanksgiving. The most famous words are the first stanza:​ Over the river, and through the wood,To grandfathers house we go;The horse knows the way,To carry the sleigh,Through the white and drifted snow. The Pumpkin by John Greenleaf Whittier John Greenleaf Whittier uses grandiose language in The Pumpkin (1850) to describe, in the end, his nostalgia for Thanksgivings of old and bounteous love for pumpkin pie, the enduring symbol of those holidays. The poem begins with strong imagery of pumpkins growing in a field and ends as an emotional ode to his now elderly mother, enhanced by similes. And the prayer, which my mouth is too full to express,Swells my heart that thy shadow may never be less,That the days of thy lot may be lengthened below,And the fame of thy worth like a pumpkin-vine grow,And thy life be as sweet, and its last sunset skyGolden-tinted and fair as thy own Pumpkin pie! No. 814 by Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson lived her life almost entirely isolated from the rest of the world, rarely leaving her home in Amherst, Massachusetts, or receiving visitors, except for her family. Her poems were not known to the public in her lifetime; the first volume of her work was published in 1890, four years after her death. So its impossible to know when a particular poem was written. This poem about Thanksgiving, in characteristic Dickinson style, is obtuse in its meaning, but it implies that this holiday is as much about memories of previous ones as about the day at hand: One day is there of the seriesTermed Thanksgiving DayCelebrated part at tablePart in memory- Fire Dreams by Carl Sandburg Fire Dreams was published in Carl Sandburgs 1918 volume of poetry, Cornhuskers, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize in 1919. He is known for his Walt Whitman-like style and use of free verse. Sandburg writes here in the language of the people, directly and with relatively little embellishment, except for a limited use of metaphor, giving this poem a modern feel. He reminds the reader of the first Thanksgiving, conjures up the season and gives his thanks to God. Heres the first stanza: I remember here by the fire,In the flickering reds and saffrons,They came in a ramshackle tub,Pilgrims in tall hats,Pilgrims of iron jaws,Drifting by weeks on beaten seas,And the random chapters sayThey were glad and sang to God. Thanksgiving Time by Langston Hughes Langston Hughes, famous as a seminal and hugely important influence on the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, wrote poetry, plays, novels and short stories that shed a light on the black experience in America. This ode to Thanksgiving from 1921 invokes traditional images of the time of year and the food that is always part of the story. The language is simple, and this would be a good poem to read at a Thanksgiving with children gathered round the table. Heres the first stanza: When the night winds whistle through the trees and blow the crisp brown leaves a-crackling down,When the autumn moon is big and yellow-orange and round,When old Jack Frost is sparkling on the ground,Its Thanksgiving Time!

Apps of psychology ( application of psychology) Essay

Apps of psychology ( application of psychology) - Essay Example These principles govern the functioning and the growth experienced by the organization. Rationalism is a principle that expresses decision making and analysis in deductive and logical patterns. This principle emphasizes objectivity and logical patterns that are very useful in identifying the best procedures that will lead to enhanced productivity. Pragmatism is a principle that defines the need for emphasis on results, and the need to identify the procedures most effective in delivering the said end goal. Existentialism on the other hand is a principle that guides development towards individual and team growth through enhanced understanding of needs, values and goals. These philosophical constructs are very real to the process of Organizational Development. Freud’s Psychoanalytic constructs are best applied to individuals, but are also useful in understanding the motivations of an individual within an organization. His description of anxiety and defense mechanisms like projection denial and action formation have been found to be applicable to organizational settings; while the concepts of fixation, transference and regression have been found to adequately explain issues faced by individuals in the resolution of these said problems. Freud’s theory breaks life into stages, and the resolution of the dilemmas Faced by the person at each stage becomes a key component in the personality they form by the time they reach adulthood. Using this information, it is possible to select individuals who are equipped for certain jobs, and the avoid placing individuals in positions which will draw out their anxieties and inhibit their ability to work better. The understanding of personality afforded to us by the work of Sigmund Freud helps is in choosing the right individual for the right job, for understanding and resolving the anxiety and dilemmas faced in work groups; and to understand

Questions 3 and 4 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions 3 and 4 - Coursework Example One partner suggests that the business should be moved to a vacant office in downtown Boston. She argues that the additional business gained will exceed the charges for rent and moving the office. The other partner at Progressive Business Solutions does not want to buy that idea. He argues that cost of office stationery and business cards is covered and that moving will prove to be costly. In the case of the partnership business, a lot of factors can be considered. The factors can originate from the evaluation of the costs and benefits. Every business entity will always want to make the most possible benefits .Reduction of costs is another target of the business. In this case, a partner’s decision is considered as optimal if it leads to the best outcome at a particular time. The outcome will make the participants in the business to gauge whether it is optimum or not. The partner needs to estimate how altering the business can affect both the benefits and the costs that the business incurs from carrying out that particular activity. If altering the activity makes the benefits to increase more than the costs, or the costs reduce more than the benefits, the partnership will grow. A security analyst specializing in the stocks of the motion picture industry wants to determine the relationship between the number of Movie Theater tickets sold in December and the annual level of earnings in the motion picture industry. Time-series data for the last 15 years are used to estimate the regression model. E = a + bN where E is total earnings of the motion picture industry measured in dollars per year and N is the number of tickets sold in December. The regression output is as follows: How well do movie ticket sales in December explain the level of earnings for the entire year? Present statistical evidence to support your answer. Also, sales of movie tickets in December are expected to be approximately 950,000. According to

Master degree in Immunology Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Master degree in Immunology - Personal Statement Example ting my Bachelor studies in Biomedical Science, I would like to take my academic career to the next level by doing Masters in Immunology from the University West of England (UWE). The best field to graduate in is certainly one that coincides with me past professional experience, so I have chosen to do Masters in Immunology. I am positive that getting this degree will lend me a professional recognition as a specialist in immunology, and open doors to new opportunities for me all over the world. I choose to do my graduate studies from UWE because of its high ranking, global recognition, and well-equipped laboratories catering for immunological studies. Among other subjects that form part of this program, I am especially interested in studying Methods in Clinical Analysis, and Applied Immunology. I look forward to using the latest immunological techniques for devising advanced treatment approaches to diseases. I am a suitable candidate for Master’s program in Immunology at UWE be cause I am both hard-working and highly motivated to give my general education a specialized

Economic Contribution of Women Essay Example for Free

Economic Contribution of Women Essay 1. Introduction This short paper aims to highlight the important role women have and can play in economic development. It addresses three questions: what is the evidence base to support investing in women? What are the current constraints on realising the full potential of women in the process of economic development? What are the priority areas of intervention necessary to unblock these constraints? It is focussed on women and on economic development, rather than on the wider issue of gender and development. However, before looking at the evidence base, constraints, and interventions, it will provide a brief context of the evolution of thinking around women and development.1 1. The Evolution of ‘Women in Development’ to ‘Gender and Development’ In the  1970s, research on African farmers noted that, far from being gender neutral, development was gender blind and could harm women. Out of this realization emerged the Women in Development (WID) approach, which constructed the problem of development as being women’s exclusion from a benign process. Women’s subordination was seen as having its roots in their exclusion from the market sphere and their limited access to, and control, over resources. The key was then to place women ‘in’ development by legislatively trying to limit discrimination and by promoting their involvement in education and employment. The WID approach led to resources being targeted at women and made particularly women’s significant productive or income generating contribution, more visible. Their reproductive 1 This paper has been prepared with inputs from the membership of the SDSN Thematic Group on the â€Å"Challenges of Social Inclusion: Gender, Inequalities and Human Rights†, including: Kwadwo Appiagyei-Atua (University of Ghana, Legon), Jan Egeland (Human Rights Watch), Todd Minerson (White Ribbon Campaign), Richard Morgan (UNICEF), Sanam Naraghi-Anderlin (International Civil Society Action Network), Elisabeth Prà ¼gl (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies), Magdalena Sepà ºlveda Carmona (UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights), and Valmaine Toki (UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues). contribution was less well emphasised. While WID advocated for greater gender equality, it did not tackle the real structural problem: the unequal gender roles and relations that are at the basis of gender subordination and women’s exclusion. This approach also focussed on what have been termed practical gender needs, such as providing better access to water, which would reduce the amount of time women and girls must spend in domestic activities and thus allow them more time for education or employment. There was no questioning why collecting water has been constructed as a female responsibility, or why improved access to water is a need of women and girls only. In the 1980s, the Gender and Development (GAD) approach arose out of the critique of WID. GAD recognised that gender roles and relations are key to improving women’s lives, with the term ‘gender’ suggesting that a focus on both women and men is needed. More recently, the need to understand how gender intersects with other characteristics such as age, ethnicity and sexuality has been noted. The GAD approach recognises that it is not sufficient to add women and girls into existing processes of development but there is also a need to problematise why they are excluded, advocating that the focus should be on addressing the imbalances of power at the basis of that exclusion. GAD also questions the notion of ‘development’ and its benign nature, implying a need to shift from a narrow understanding of development as economic growth, to a more social or human centred development. GAD projects are more holistic and seek to address women’s strategic gender interests by seeking the elimination of institutionalised forms of discrimination for instance around land rights, or ensuring the right of women and girls to live free from violence, for example (Molyneux 1985; Moser 1989). The 1990s witnessed the ‘rise of rights’ as many NGOs and agencies adopted a rights-based approach to development. Rights increase the recognition that women’s demands are 3 legitimate claims. The most notable success for the women’s movement has perhaps been the establishment of sexual and reproductive rights as such. Within this has been recognition of women’s right to live free from violence, and a broadening of understanding of violence against women from ‘domestic’ to ‘gender based’. There was also a shift in understanding development as meaning economic development to a more holistic social development focus, yet economic growth remains the main driver. For the majority of large development organisations and agencies, the WID approach has now largely been replaced by GAD, which has been institutionalised within the notion of gender mainstreaming. Mainstreaming  involves ensuring that a gendered perspective is central to all activities, including planning, implementation and monitoring of all programmes, projects, and legislation. While critiqued if undertaken merely as a ‘tick box’ exercise, gender mainstreaming offers a potential for placing gender at the heart of development. However, women’s ‘rights’, particularly sexual and reproductive health rights, are not universally accepted as rights, and violence against women remains prevalent across the globe, and women still lack full and equal participation in economic and political life. Mainstreaming has yet to succeed and there is a need for a continued prioritisation of integrating women into development. 2. Evidence on the Importance of Women to Economic Development The most influential evidence on the importance of women to economic development has come from research used to support the World Bank’s ‘Gender Mainstreaming Strategy’ launched in 2001 (Dollar and Gatti 1999; Klasen 1999). This research highlighted that societies that discriminate by gender tend to experience less rapid economic growth and poverty reduction than societies that treat males and females more 4 equally, and that social gender disparities produce economically inefficient outcomes (World Bank 2001a). For example, it is shown that if African countries had closed the gender gap in schooling between 1960 and 1992 as quickly as East Asia did, this would have produced close to a doubling of per capita income growth in the region (WBGDG 2003). The primary pathways through which gender systems affect growth are by influencing the productivity of labour and the allocative efficiency of the economy (World Bank 2002). In terms of productivity, for example, if the access of women farmers to productive inputs and human capital were on a par with men’s access, total agricultural output could increase by an estimated 6 to 20 percent (World Bank 2001b). In terms of allocative efficiency, while increases in household income are generally associated with reduced child mortality risks, the marginal impact is almost 20 times as large if the income is in the hands of the mother rather than the father (WBGDG 2003). Identification of women as being a reliable, productive and cheap labour force makes them the preferred workforce for textiles and electronic transnational corporations. Perception of women as ‘good with money,’ including being better at paying back loans, has led them to be targeted in microfinance programmes. Recognition of women as more efficient distributors of goods and services within the household has led to them being targeted with resources aimed at alleviating poverty, such as cash transfer programmes. The above shows how the justification for including women in development in economic growth has been an efficiency argument, with equity concerns being 5  somewhat secondary. Critics suggest this instrumentalist approach to engendering development, while bringing economic growth gains, will not fundamentally change the position and situation of women. It is important to note that while gender equality will help bring economic growth, economic growth will not necessarily bring gender equality. Advancing gender equality requires strengthening different dimensions of women’s autonomy: economic and political autonomy, full citizenship and freedom from all forms of violence, and sexual and reproductive autonomy (Alpà ­zar Durà ¡n 2010). 3. Constraints on Realising the Full Potential of Women in the Process of Economic Development Investment in the human capital, health and education, of women and girls is presented as a key way forward as witnessed by the MDGs. The logic is that ‘educated, healthy women are more able to engage in productive activities, find formal sector employment, earn higher incomes and enjoy greater returns to schooling than are uneducated women†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (WBGDG 2003: 6). Educated women are more likely to invest in the education of their own children, and they are also more likely to have fewer children. Thus investment in human capital has positive short and longer term/inter-generational outcomes and is good for both productivity gains and limiting unsustainable population growth. However, attention has narrowly focussed on ensuring the equal access of girls to primary education. Inequality of access to secondary and higher education persists, as does the limited engagement of girls in the study of science and technology, limiting  the future life and employment options of adolescent girls. Willingness to school, feed, and provide healthcare to girls is far more strongly determined by income and the costs of providing these services than is the case for boys. Sen’s ‘100 million missing women’ is testimony to how girls are discriminated against in terms of the allocation of household resources to the point that it creates a gender imbalance in some societies and countries. Families are often unwilling to invest in the education of girls if this investment is not perceived as bringing them direct economic gains girls are valued only as wives and mothers, and/or marriage transfers any potential future gains from this investment to another family. As 1 in 7 girls marries before the age of 18 in the developing world (UNFPA 2012), early and forced marriage remains a key issue and an important factor limiting young women’s engagement in both education and economic activities. Justice institutions, from the police to the courts, continue to deny women’s right to justice. Women and girls remain unable to access justice, given that in many countries there are still laws that discriminate against women in relation to the family, property, citizenship and employment. Justice systems also do not meet the needs of specific groups of women, such as indigenous women who are discriminated against and face violence in the public and private spheres based on both gender and race (UNPFII 2013). Cultural factors limit women’s rights and engagement in the workplace. Religion still has a key role to play in determining gender norms in many cultures and fundamentalist views across the spectrum of religions threaten or deny women’s rights, including rights related to sex and sexualities, and to mobility and employment. Economic fundamentalism, policies and practices that privilege profits over people, also deny women their rights as workers and to work. While political culture is important for bringing change, women continue to have a limited voice at the local and national levels, and women  are not able to fully participate in formal systems of power. In the majority of cultures unequal gender and generational relations exist within households with the male ‘head’ having a high level of control. A woman going out to work is often read by others as meaning the man is unable to provide for his family, making men reluctant and thus limiting women’s engagement in paid work through violence or the threat of violence. When women do engage in paid work, it can improve their voice in the home and ability to influence household decision-making. It can also lead to conflict in the home, especially if women earn more than men, or women’s employment coincides with men’s under or unemployment. In the last decades, a ‘crisis in masculinity’ has been recognised, relating to the changes in men’s roles and positions through processes of globalisation, suggesting a need to focus attention on men if these changes are to bring transformative progress towards greater equality, rather than further harm women. Women continue to suffer limited mobility and, in some cultures, women are not able to leave the home if not accompanied by a man, effectively negating any type of paid employment. Even when women are allowed to leave, they may face verbal, sexual and physical abuse from unknown males for being in the street and face gossip and stigma within their own communities. The growing levels and extremes of violence against women have been captured in the notion of femicide – the killing of women by men just for being women, including ‘honour killings.’ In Mexico for example, the term femicide has been used to describe female factory workers being killed for going against gender norms and engaging in paid work outside the home. One in three women across the globe will experience violence at some stage in her lifetime. Violence against women and girls, or the threat of violence, be it physical, sexual or emotional, both in the private and public spheres, at the hands of known and unknown men, 8 remains a key limiting factor to women’s mobility and engagement in  processes of development. Women who work at home have limited opportunities. While women are very engaged in agriculture, this is generally subsistence rather than cash crops. It is estimated that women own only 1% of property and lack of rights to inherit or own land, which severely limits women’s engagement in larger scale cash crop production. Even when women can inherit land, the need for male protection or labour may mean they will give the land to male relatives. Lack of land ownership may also stop them participating in schemes to improve agricultural output, while lack of wider assets disallows them from accessing loans. Given their lower asset base, women farmers may be most affected by climate change, and while having knowledge of how to adapt, they may be least able to adopt appropriate adaptation strategies. World Bank research has highlighted how the poor are less likely to engage in higher riskreturn activities and the result is that the return on their assets is 25-50% lower than for wealthier households (Holzmann and Jà ¸rgensen 2000). While not a gendered analysis, women’s relative poverty, lack of assets, and lack of experience might mean they are particularly risk averse keeping them from higher return economic initiatives. However, women have been shown to use micro-finance effectively to develop small enterprises and are recognised as good at paying back loans. When women are in paid employment, they are more likely to be engaged in part time rather than full time work, in the informal rather than the formal sector, and across the globe women earn less than men for comparable work. 9 During the recent financial crisis, measures to protect ‘the poor’ through employment programmes have not considered the gendered dimensions of crisis, yet women may have been more severely affected than men and in more diverse ways. Economic and financial crises cannot be seen in isolation from food, fuel, water, environment, human rights, and care crises (AWID 2012). Women face particular risks during disaster, which climate change may increase, and during conflict. In particular, the risk of physical and sexual violence increases. Agencies not only fail to protect women and girls, but their  reproductive and particularly their productive needs are often overlooked in crisis response and peacebuilding. While remunerated work is important for women, it is important to remember that women still undertake the bulk of unpaid work in the home, household plot, or family business. They have the primary responsibility for caring for children and older people as well responsibility for undertaking activities such as collection of water or firewood. Women play the key role in the ‘care economy’, which not only provides care to the young, old and the sick, but also is vital for ensuring a productive workforce. As this work is not remunerated, it is undervalued and lies outside general conceptualisations of the economy. Women engaged in paid work often face a double work day, since they may only be ‘allowed’ to work as long as their domestic duties are still fulfilled. This means women are time poor and the time burden may impact on their health and wellbeing. To alleviate this burden and free women to enter paid work, daughters may be taken out of school to cover the domestic work, with related negative impacts on their education and ability to seek remunerated work in the future. Women’s continued inability to control their own fertility means that childbirth limits their ability to engage in productive activities. Even when reproductive health services are 10 provided, this is not enough to ensure women’s ability to access them. Men may see the decision over if and when to have children to be their decision, and large numbers of children may be read as a sign of male fertility and power, which becomes more important when masculinity is threatened. In many cultures, discussion of sexualities remains taboo, denying access and rights to those who do not conform to the heterosexual ‘norm’. The sexual and reproductive rights of adolescent girls in particular may be overlooked and they may be denied access to reproductive health services if they are unmarried. Research establishes a link between education and women’s ability to control their fertility. Studies also show that paid work can promote greater understanding of sexual and reproductive rights among women. Women’s socially constructed altruistic behaviour means that economic resources that enter the household via women are more likely to be spent on household and children’s needs. Female-headed households may not be the ‘poorest of the poor’ as popularly constructed, since women who live with men may suffer ‘secondary poverty’ the household overall is not poor but, as the man withholds income for personal consumption, women and children within the household are poor (Chant 2006). When women earn, men may withhold even more of their income, leaving women and children with access to the same level of resources but improving the position of women through greater control of those resources. This ‘irresponsibility’ of men has meant women have been targeted within poverty reduction and social policy initiatives. While the targeting of women with resources is welcome, the associated â€Å"feminisation of obligation and responsibility† (Chant 2008) for delivering policy outcomes may not only marginalise men but add further to women’s existing triple burden of reproductive, productive, and community management work. It may privilege their reproductive over their productive role and reinforce women as mothers rather than workers. Care needs to be taken to ensure that programmes serve women’s needs and women are not merely placed at the service of these policy agendas (Molyneux 2007). It is important to remember that policies to promote economic development that include women but do not tackle the structural inequalities at the basis of their exclusion may bring growth gains, but will not necessarily bring gender equality gains. 4. Priority Areas of Intervention Necessary to Unblock these Constraints Women’s groups and movements across the globe continue to promote as fundamental the need to respect and defend women’s sexual and reproductive health rights. Women’s groups and movements also continue to be fundamental to promoting these rights, but many find themselves under threat for this focus. Sexual and reproductive rights are critical for social and economic development. Without these rights, women and adolescent girls cannot make decisions around fertility, repeated childbirth keeps them from income generating activities and reduces productivity, and early and forced marriage keeps young women from education and employment. Sexual, emotional and physical violence and the threat of violence limits women’s mobility, confines women to the home, and keeps them from engaging fully in processes of social and economic development. Men and boys can have a role to play in the prevention of genderbased violence and the promotion of gender equality. Threats to women’s rights exist on many levels, including those posed by culture, religion, and tradition, as well as processes of globalisation and economic change. A right gained is not a right maintained unless there is constant monitoring of rights. There is a need to strengthen women’s access to both formal and informal justice systems, and ensure these are responsive to advancing all women’s equal rights, opportunity, and participation. Improving women’s political voice is also crucial here. Women’s responsibility for unpaid domestic work makes them time poor as well as more economically dependent on men, yet is vital for ensuring a healthy and productive workforce. While investment in infrastructure such as water, sanitation and electricity is important to ease the time burden associated with these tasks, it does not change how unpaid work and the care economy is conceptualised and valued. Financial, environmental, and health crises intensify the need for care services with the care burden falling disproportionately on women and girls. Policies to provide affordable, quality child care and adequate healthcare services would not only free women to enter paid employment, but also help change care work from being understood as a ‘domestic’ responsibility to a collective responsibility. This change in how care work is conceptualised and valued should be a longer-term goal. In the short term, there is a need to create full, decent productive employment opportunities for women and access to finance, as well as continue to provide social protection, and more importantly promote and value women as ‘good with money’. Key for economic growth is the promotion of women’s economic rights which entails promoting a range of women’s rights: their sexual and reproductive rights and rights to education, to mobility, to voice, to ownership, and to live free from violence. References Alpà ­zar Durà ¡n, L. Keynote speech at High-Level Roundtable â€Å"The implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, the outcomes of the 23rd special session of the General Assembly and its contribution to shaping a gender perspective towards the full realization of the MDGs. 54th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women, United Nations Headquarters NY, March 2010. AWID. Getting at the Roots: Re-integrating human rights and gender equality in the post2015 development agenda. Association for Women’s Rights in Development, October 2012. Chant, S. Re-thinking the feminization of poverty in relation to aggregate gender indices, Journal of Human Development (7 (2), p.201-220), 2006. Chant, S. The â€Å"feminisation of poverty† and the â€Å"feminisation† of anti-poverty programmes: Room for revision? Journal of Development Studies (44 (2), p.165–197), 2008. Dollar, D and Gatti, R. Gender Inequality, Income, and Growth: Are Good Times Good for Women? Gender and Development Working Papers, No. 1, May 1999. Holzmann, R. and S. Jà ¸rgensen. Social Risk Management: A new conceptual framework for social protection and beyond, Social Protection Discussion Paper Series 0006, Social Protection Unit, Human Development Network, The World Bank, February 2000. Klasen, S. Does Gender Inequality Reduce Growth and Development? Evidence from CrossCountry Regressions, Gender and Development Working Papers No. 7, November 1999. Molyneux, M. Two cheers for conditional cash transfers, IDS Bulletin (38 (3), p.69–75), 2007. Molyneux, M. Mobilization without emancipation? Womens interests, the state, and revolution in Nicaragua, Feminist Studies (11 (2), p.227–254), 1985 Moser, C. Gender planning in the Third World: Meeting  practical and strategic gender needs, World Development (17 (11), p.1799–1825), 1989. Sen, A. More than 100 million women are missing, New York Review of Books (37 (20), 1990. UNFPA, From Childhood to Womanhood: Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Adolescent Girls. Fact Sheet: Adolescent Girls’ Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs, 2012. UNPFII. Study on the extent of violence against women and girls in terms of article 22(2) of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Issues (E/C.19/2013/9), 2013. WBGDG. Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals, World Bank Gender and Development Group, April 2003. World Bank. Social Protection Strategy: From Safety Net to Springboard, Washington DC: World Bank, 2001a. . Engendering Development Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001b . Integrating Gender into the World Bank’s Work: A Strategy for Action. Washington DC: World Bank, 2002. 15